Chosen Solution
My thunderbolt port works just with one adapter to VGA, I tried many other adapters to HDMI or to VGA, they don’t work, but they work on another macbook pro mid 2012, what could be the problem? It’s a bit strange that just the one is working on mine… I would need a second one
Sadly your system board Thunderbolt port logic is damaged. This often happens when you are using a fake MagSafe charger as the ground services of the charger get hot so when you plug in a HDMI connection from your external display the adapter can pass the current from the system to the displays ground burning out the Thunderbolt side of the logic which the HDMI adapter is accessing unlike the DP side of the logic which is what the VGA adapter is accessing.
